【亚洲·印度】曼尼普尔地区的齐颂圣名、仪式歌曲、击鼓和舞蹈 Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur（2013年）

Sankirtana包括一系列艺术表演，以纪念曼尼普尔平原的外什纳瓦人的宗教场合和生活的各个阶段。Sankirtana练习中心位于圣殿，表演者通过歌舞讲述克里希纳的生活和事迹。在一场典型的表演中，两名鼓手和大约十名歌手-舞者在大厅或家庭庭院中表演，周围围着坐着的奉献者。审美和宗教能量的尊严和流动是无与伦比的，让观众流泪，并经常在表演者面前跪倒。Sankirtana有两个主要的社会功能：它在全年的节日场合将人们聚集在一起，在曼尼普尔的外什纳瓦社区中发挥凝聚力；它通过生命周期仪式建立并加强个人和社区之间的关系。因此，它被视为上帝的可见表现。曼尼普尔的Sankirtana是一个充满活力的实践，促进与人的有机关系：整个社会都参与到它的维护中，具体的知识和技能传统上由导师传递给弟子。Sankirtana与自然界和谐相处，自然界的存在通过许多仪式得到认可。

2013年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Sankirtana encompasses an array of arts performed to mark religious occasions and various stages in the life of the Vaishnava people of the Manipur plains. Sankirtana practices centre on the temple, where performers narrate the lives and deeds of Krishna through song and dance. In a typical performance, two drummers and about ten singer-dancers perform in a hall or domestic courtyard encircled by seated devotees. The dignity and flow of aesthetic and religious energy is unparalleled, moving audience members to tears and frequently to prostrate themselves before the performers. Sankirtana has two main social functions: it brings people together on festive occasions throughout the year, acting as a cohesive force within Manipur’s Vaishnava community; and it establishes and reinforces relationships between the individual and the community through life-cycle ceremonies. It is thus regarded as the visible manifestation of God. The Sankirtana of Manipur is a vibrant practice promoting an organic relationship with people: the whole society is involved in its safeguarding, with the specific knowledge and skills traditionally transmitted from mentor to disciple. Sankirtana works in harmony with the natural world, whose presence is acknowledged through its many rituals.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2013.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region