【亚洲·伊朗】帕勒瓦尼与祖卡内仪式 Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals（2010年）

帕列瓦尼是一种伊朗武术，融合了伊斯兰教、诺斯替主义和古波斯信仰的元素。它描述了一系列由十到二十名男子表演的体操和健美操动作，每个人都挥舞着象征古代武器的乐器。仪式在Zoorkhane举行，这是一座神圣的穹顶建筑，有一个八角形的下沉式竞技场和观众席。领导帕列瓦尼仪式的穆尔希德（大师）表演史诗和诺斯替派诗歌，并用扎布高脚杯鼓敲打时间。他背诵的诗歌传达了伦理和社会教诲，构成了祖尔哈尼文学的一部分。帕列瓦尼仪式的参与者可能来自任何社会阶层或宗教背景，每个团体都与当地社区有着密切的联系，致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人。在培训期间，学生在Pīshkesvat（冠军）的监督下接受道德和骑士价值观的指导。那些掌握个人技能和艺术、遵守宗教原则并通过诺斯替主义的伦理和道德阶段的人可能会获得Pahlevanī（英雄）的显赫地位，表示社区内的等级和权威。目前，伊朗各地有500名Zoorkhane，每个人都包括从业者、创始人和一些Pīshkesvat。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Pahlevani is an Iranian martial art that combines elements of Islam, Gnosticism and ancient Persian beliefs. It describes a ritual collection of gymnastic and callisthenic movements performed by ten to twenty men, each wielding instruments symbolizing ancient weapons. The ritual takes place in a Zoorkhane, a sacred domed structure with an octagonal sunken arena and audience seats. The Morshed (master) who leads the Pahlevani ritual performs epic and Gnostic poems and beats out time on a zarb goblet drum. The poems he recites transmit ethical and social teachings and constitute part of Zoorkhanei literature. Participants in the Pahlevani ritual may be drawn from any social strata or religious background, and each group has strong ties to its local community, working to assist those in need. During training, students are instructed in ethical and chivalrous values under the supervision of a Pīshkesvat (champion). Those who master the individual skills and arts, observe religious principles and pass ethical and moral stages of Gnosticism may acquire the prominent rank of Pahlevanī (hero), denoting rank and authority within the community. At present, there are 500 Zoorkhanes across Iran, each comprising practitioners, founders and a number of Pīshkesvats.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region