【亚洲·伊朗】都塔尔制作和演奏传统技艺 Traditional skills of crafting and playing Dotār（2019年）

制作和演奏圆点的传统技能是圆点地区各民族和社区民谣音乐中最突出的社会和文化组成部分之一。承载者和从业者大多是农民，包括男性工匠和玩家以及女性玩家。Dotār是一种民间弹拨乐器，它有一个梨形的弓，用干燥的木材或桑树制成，一个由杏木或胡桃木制成的琴颈，以及两根弦。一些人认为一根弦是男性的，起着和弦的作用，而另一根弦是女性的，演奏主旋律。表演者在婚礼、派对、庆典和仪式等重要的社会和文化场合演奏圆点。近几十年来，它还曾在当地、地区、国家和国际节日中播放。在游戏中，玩家们讲述史诗、历史、抒情、道德和诺斯替叙事，这些叙事对他们的民族历史、自豪感和身份认同至关重要。与点ār的制作和演奏有关的传统知识通过硕士生的方法非正式地传递，这种元素也存在于当地的口头和书面文献中，反映了持有者的历史和背景。这一要素促进不同社区之间以及与邻国之间的和平共处、相互尊重和理解。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The traditional skills of crafting and playing the Dotār are one of the most prominent social and cultural components of the folkloric music among the ethnic groups and communities of the Dotār regions. Bearers and practitioners are mostly farmers, including male crafters and players and female players. The Dotār is a folkloric plucked musical instrument with a pear-shaped bow crafted with dried wood or mulberry tree, a neck made of apricot or walnut wood, and two strings. Some believe one string is male and functions as the accord, while the other is female, playing the main melody. Performers play the Dotār on important social and cultural occasions such as weddings, parties, celebrations and ritual ceremonies. In recent decades, it has also been played in local, regional, national and international festivals. While playing, the players recount epic, historical, lyric, moral and gnostic narrations that are central to their ethnic history, pride and identity. Traditional knowledge relating to crafting and playing the Dotār is passed on informally through the master-student method, and the element is also present in local oral and written literature, which reflects the history and background of the bearers. The element fosters peaceful co-existence, mutual respect and understanding both among different communities and with neighbouring countries.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region