【欧洲·希腊】天宁岛大理石制作工艺 Tinian marble craftsmanship（2015年）

大理石雕刻艺术是Tinos文化身份的体现。大理石工匠对含大理石岩石的成分和结构、每种大理石的特性以及大理石纹理的处理都有经验知识。大理石雕刻车间生产一系列传统图案、图案和符号，如柏树、花、鸟和船。这些神奇的、象征性的传统，从一个共同的、宗教的、永恒的体系中汲取。建筑物、路标、教堂和墓地上的图案确保了和解和转移邪恶的影响，而雕刻在日常大理石器皿和扇形灯上的图案则强调了生育和繁荣。工匠有时组建团队来执行大型项目，个别大师偶尔独自承担小型任务。传播遵循悠久的传统。车间学徒在毕业前先做一些琐碎的工作，比如整理师傅的工具和打扫车间，然后学习手艺和绘画。每个师傅都会监督和指导一两个学徒，通常是家庭成员。一旦他们完成培训并获得工匠大师头衔，学徒们就会收到一个小箱子，里面装着一套工具。现在，近四分之一的人是女性，这代表着大理石工艺传统的重大转变，直到最近，大理石工艺还只是男性的一项活动。

2015年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The art of marble-carving is an expression of the cultural identity of Tinos. Marble craftspeople possess empirical knowledge of the composition and structure of marble-bearing rock, the properties of each kind of marble, and the manipulation of its veins. Marble-carving workshops produce a range of traditional motifs, patterns and symbols such as cypresses, flowers, birds and ships. These draw from and perpetuate a shared symbolic system of religious, magical and oral traditions. Motifs on buildings, road signs, churches and cemeteries ensure propitiation and deflect evil influences, while those engraved on everyday marble vessels and fanlights emphasize fertility and prosperity. Craftspeople sometimes form teams to carry out large projects and individual masters occasionally work alone undertaking minor commissions. Transmission follows longstanding traditions. Workshop apprentices start with menial tasks, such as arranging the master’s tools and cleaning the workshop, before graduating to learning the craft and drawing. Each master supervises and mentors one or two apprentices, usually family members. Once they complete their training and earn the title of master craftsperson, apprentices are presented with a small chest containing a set of tools. Almost one quarter are now women, representing a significant shift in the tradition of marble craftsmanship, which until recently was a male-only activity.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2015.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region