【欧洲·西班牙】弗拉明戈舞 Flamenco（2010年）

弗拉门戈是一种融合了歌曲（康特）、舞蹈（贝利）和音乐技巧（托克）的艺术表现形式。西班牙南部的安达卢西亚是弗拉门戈的中心地带，尽管它也扎根于穆尔西亚和埃斯特马杜拉等地区。Cante是弗拉明戈的声乐表达，由男性和女性演唱，最好是坐着演唱，没有伴奏歌手。情感和心态的范围——悲伤、喜悦、悲剧、喜悦和恐惧——可以通过以简洁和简单为特征的真诚、富有表现力的歌词来表达。弗拉门戈舞是一种激情、求爱的舞蹈，表达了从悲伤到欢乐的各种情景。这项技术很复杂，取决于表演者是男性（用脚更重）还是女性（动作更温和、更性感）。Toque或吉他演奏艺术早已超越了它最初作为伴奏的角色。还使用了其他乐器，包括脚板、拍手和跺脚。弗拉明戈在宗教节日、仪式、教堂仪式和私人庆祝活动中表演。它是众多社区和群体的身份标志，尤其是吉塔诺（罗姆人）民族社区，在其发展中发挥了重要作用。传播通过王朝、家庭、社会团体和弗拉门戈俱乐部进行，所有这些都在其保存和传播中发挥着关键作用。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Flamenco is an artistic expression fusing song (cante), dance (baile) and musicianship (toque). Andalusia in southern Spain is the heartland of Flamenco, although it also has roots in regions such as Murcia and Extremadura. Cante is the vocal expression of flamenco, sung by men and women, preferably seated, with no backing singers. The gamut of feelings and states of mind – grief, joy, tragedy, rejoicing and fear – can be expressed through sincere, expressive lyrics characterized by brevity and simplicity. Flamenco baile is a dance of passion, courtship, expressing a wide range of situations ranging from sadness to joy. The technique is complex, differing depending on whether the performer is male (heavier use of the feet) or female (gentler, more sensual movements). Toque or the art of guitar playing has long surpassed its original role as accompaniment. Other instruments, including castanets, hand-clapping and foot-stamping are also employed. Flamenco is performed during religious festivals, rituals, church ceremonies and at private celebrations. It is the badge of identity of numerous communities and groups, in particular the Gitano (Roma) ethnic community, which has played an essential role in its development. Transmission occurs through dynasties, families, social groups and Flamenco clubs, all of which play a key role in its preservation and dissemination.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region