【亚洲·日本】和纸，日本手工纸技艺 Washi, craftsmanship of traditional Japanese hand-made paper（2014年）

日本有三个社区使用传统的手工造纸工艺：滨田市的Misumi cho、岛根县、岐阜县的Mino市和斋玉县的小川镇/东池町村。这种纸是由纸桑植物的纤维制成的，这些纤维在清澈的河水中浸泡，增稠，然后通过竹网过滤。瓦西纸不仅用于书信写作，也用于家居装饰，用于制作纸屏风、房间分隔器和滑动门。这三个社区的大多数居民都在保持这种工艺的可行性方面发挥了作用，包括种植桑树、技术培训，以及创造新产品，在国内外推广和食。瓦西造纸术在三个层面上传播：在瓦西工匠家族中，通过保护协会和地方市政当局传播。家庭及其员工在瓦西大师的指导下工作和学习，瓦西大师从父母那里继承了这些技术。居住在这些社区的所有人都为自己的瓦什制作传统感到自豪，并将其视为自己文化身份的象征。Washi还促进社会凝聚力，因为社区由直接参与或与该实践密切相关的人组成。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The traditional craft of hand-making paper, or Washi, is practised in three communities in Japan: Misumi-cho in Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture, Mino City in Gifu Prefecture and Ogawa Town/Higashi-chichibu Village in Saitama Prefecture. The paper is made from the fibres of the paper mulberry plant, which are soaked in clear river water, thickened, and then filtered through a bamboo screen. Washi paper is used not only for letter writing and books, but also in home interiors to make paper screens, room dividers and sliding doors. Most of the inhabitants of the three communities play roles in keeping this craftsmanship viable, ranging from the cultivation of mulberry, training in the techniques, and the creation of new products to promote Washi domestically and abroad. Washi papermaking is transmitted on three levels: among families of Washi craftspeople, through preservation associations and by local municipalities. Families and their employees work and learn under Washi masters, who have inherited the techniques from their parents. All the people living in the communities take pride in their tradition of Washi-making and regard it as the symbol of their cultural identity. Washi also fosters social cohesion, as the communities comprise people directly engaged in or closely related to the practice.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region