每年,日本各个地区——尤其是东北、北陆、九州和冲绳地区——都会在一年的开始或季节变化的日子里举行礼。这种仪式源于民间信仰,即来自外部世界的神——雷浩信——访问社区,带着幸福和好运迎接新年或新的季节。在仪式中,当地人穿着奇装异服,戴着可怕的面具,扮成神灵到家里做客,告诫懒惰,并教导孩子们良好的行为。户主请神明吃一顿特别的饭,以结束拜访,在一些社区,仪式在街道上举行。在一些社区,某个年龄段的男性成为Raiho shin,而在另一些社区,女性扮演这样的角色。由于仪式在不同社会历史背景的地区发展,其形式多样,反映了不同的地区特征。通过举行仪式,当地人——尤其是儿童——塑造了自己的身份,培养了对社区的归属感,并加强了他们之间的联系。按照他们祖先的教导,社区成员在准备和执行仪式时分担责任并进行合作,充当负责传递相关知识的实践者。

2018年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源:联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

 

Raiho-shin rituals take place annually in various regions of Japan – especially in the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Kyushu and Okinawa regions – on days that mark the beginning of the year or when the seasons change. Such rituals stem from folk beliefs that deities from the outer world – the Raiho-shin – visit communities and usher in the new year or new season with happiness and good luck. During the rituals, local people dressed as deities in outlandish costumes and frightening masks visit houses, admonishing laziness and teaching children good behaviour. The head of the household treats the deities to a special meal to conclude the visit, and in some communities the rituals take place in the streets. In some communities, men of a certain age become the Raiho-shin, while in others women play such roles. Because the rituals have developed in regions with different social and historical contexts, they take diverse forms, reflecting different regional characteristics. By performing the rituals, local people – notably children – have their identities moulded, develop a sense of affiliation to their community, and strengthen ties among themselves. In accordance with their ancestors’ teachings, community members share responsibilities and cooperate in preparing and performing the rituals, acting as the practitioners responsible for transmitting the related knowledge.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region




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