【美洲·墨西哥】传统的墨西哥美食——地道、世代相传、充满活力的社区文化，米却肯州模式 Traditional Mexican cuisine - ancestral, ongoing community culture, the Michoacán paradigm（2010年）

墨西哥传统烹饪是一种综合性的文化模式，包括农业、仪式实践、古老的技能、烹饪技术和祖先的社区习俗和礼仪。这是通过集体参与整个传统食物链实现的：从种植和收获到烹饪和食用。该系统的基础是玉米、豆类和辣椒；独特的农业方法，如milpas（玉米和其他作物的轮作田）和chinampas（湖区的人工农业小岛）；烹饪过程，如尼克斯化（石灰脱壳玉米，增加其营养价值）；以及包括磨石和石臼在内的特殊器具。天然成分，如各种西红柿、南瓜、鳄梨、可可和香草，增加了基本主食。墨西哥美食精致而富有象征意义，每天都有玉米饼和玉米粉蒸肉，这两种食物都是由玉米制成的，构成了亡灵节祭品不可或缺的一部分。米却肯州和整个墨西哥都有女厨师和其他致力于种植作物和传统烹饪的从业人员。他们的知识和技术表达了社区认同，加强了社会联系，并建立了更强大的地方、地区和国家认同。米却肯的这些努力也强调了传统烹饪作为可持续发展手段的重要性。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Traditional Mexican cuisine is a comprehensive cultural model comprising farming, ritual practices, age-old skills, culinary techniques and ancestral community customs and manners. It is made possible by collective participation in the entire traditional food chain: from planting and harvesting to cooking and eating. The basis of the system is founded on corn, beans and chili; unique farming methods such as milpas (rotating swidden fields of corn and other crops) and chinampas (man-made farming islets in lake areas); cooking processes such as nixtamalization (lime-hulling maize, which increases its nutritional value); and singular utensils including grinding stones and stone mortars. Native ingredients such as varieties of tomatoes, squashes, avocados, cocoa and vanilla augment the basic staples. Mexican cuisine is elaborate and symbol-laden, with everyday tortillas and tamales, both made of corn, forming an integral part of Day of the Dead offerings. Collectives of female cooks and other practitioners devoted to raising crops and traditional cuisine are found in the State of Michoacán and across Mexico. Their knowledge and techniques express community identity, reinforce social bonds, and build stronger local, regional and national identities. Those efforts in Michoacán also underline the importance of traditional cuisine as a means of sustainable development.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region