【美洲·墨西哥】墨西哥街头音乐：马利亚奇 Mariachi, string music, song and trumpet（2011年）

马里亚奇是墨西哥的传统音乐，也是墨西哥文化的基本元素。由两名或两名以上成员组成的传统Mariachi团体，穿着根据charro服装改编的地区服装，用弦乐演奏大量歌曲。演奏“现代马里亚奇”的乐队包括小号、小提琴、维胡埃拉和吉他手（低音吉他），可能有四名或四名以上的音乐家。这些曲目包括来自不同地区的歌曲、jarabes、Minutes、polkas、valonas、schottisches、waltzes和serenades，此外还有corridos（讲述战斗、杰出事迹和爱情故事的典型墨西哥民谣）和描绘乡村生活的传统歌曲。现代马里亚奇音乐还采用了其他类型的音乐，如兰切拉歌曲、波列罗·兰切罗音乐，甚至哥伦比亚的坎比亚音乐。马里亚奇歌曲的歌词描绘了对地球、家乡、故乡、宗教、自然、同胞和国家力量的爱。通过耳朵学习是传统马里亚吉的主要传播方式，这种技能通常会从父亲传给儿子，并通过在节日、宗教和民间活动中的表演来传递。马里亚奇音乐用西班牙语和墨西哥西部不同的印第安语言传达了尊重墨西哥地区自然遗产和当地历史的价值观。

2011年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Mariachi is a traditional Mexican music and a fundamental element of Mexican culture. Traditional Mariachi groups, made up of two or more members, wear regional costumes adapted from the charro costume and interpret a broad repertoire of songs on stringed instruments. Ensembles playing ‘modern Mariachi’ include trumpets, violins, the vihuela and guitarrón (bass guitar), and may have four or more musicians. The wide repertoire includes songs from different regions, jarabes, minuets, polkas, valonas, schottisches, waltzes and serenades, in addition to corridos (typical Mexican ballads narrating stories of battles, outstanding deeds and love affairs) and traditional songs depicting rural life. Modern Mariachi music has adopted other genres such as ranchera songs, the bolero ranchero and even the cumbia from Colombia. The lyrics of Mariachi songs portray love of the earth, hometown, native land, religion, nature, fellow countrywomen and the strength of the country. Learning by ear is the main means of transmission of traditional Mariachi, and the skill is usually passed down from fathers to sons and through performance at festive, religious and civil events. Mariachi music transmits values of respect for the natural heritage of the regions of Mexico and local history in the Spanish language and the different Indian languages of Western Mexico.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2011.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region