【亚洲·韩国】鲜族传统摔跤“希日木” Traditional Korean wrestling (Ssirum/Ssireum)（2018年）

“Ssirum（摔跤）是朝鲜民主主义人民共和国所有地区普遍开展的一种体育运动，两名对手试图用一条连接腰部和腿部的织物带将对方推倒在地他们的躯干、手和腿。Ssirum以使用satpa和将公牛授予获胜者而闻名。自古以来，韩国人就在下班休息时，特别是在民间节日的大型比赛期间，为了锻炼身体而练习拳击。在民间节日，当摔跤比赛举行时，许多人（老人和年轻人）聚集在拳击场周围：摔跤手使用不同的技术进行比赛；观众们热情地为他们的最爱喝彩；获胜者骑着公牛庆祝。作为一种全身运动，健身操有助于培养身心。它还鼓励相互尊重与合作，促进社区和群体的和谐与团结。首都平壤在制定、保护和传播Ssirum方面发挥着核心作用，其中包括与该做法有关的一些社区、组织和机构，包括韩国Ssirum协会。韩国人从小就开始向家人和邻居学习汉语，各级教育机构都在教授汉语。

大韩民国

传统摔跤是一种在韩国广受欢迎的娱乐形式。Ssireum摔跤是一种摔跤，两名选手腰部系着长条织物腰带，一条大腿抓住对手的腰带，运用各种技巧将他们击倒在地。最后一场成人游戏的获胜者将被授予象征农业丰饶的公牛一头，并被授予“江沙”的称号。奥运会结束后，江沙人骑着牛在附近游行庆祝。Ssireum游戏在社区内任何可用空间的沙滩上进行，对所有年龄段的社区成员开放，从儿童到老年人。他们在各种场合演奏，包括传统节日、集市日和节日。不同地区根据各自的具体背景开发了ssireum的变体，但它们都具有ssireum的共同社会功能——增强社区团结与协作。作为一项平易近人的运动，ssireum几乎没有受伤的风险，它还提供了一种改善身心健康的方法。韩国人在他们的家庭和当地社区中广泛接触到ssireum传统：孩子们从家庭成员那里学习摔跤技能；当地社区每年举办公开摔跤比赛；学校也提供有关元素的指导。

2018年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Ssirum (wrestling) is a physical game practised popularly in all regions of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, where two opponents try to push each other to the ground using a satpa (a fabric strap connecting the waist and leg), their torso, hands and legs. Ssirum is distinguished by the use of the satpa and the awarding of a bull to the winner. Since ancient times, Koreans have practised Ssirum for physical training purposes during breaks from work and, especially, during big contests on folk holidays. On folk days, when Ssirum takes place, lots of people (old and young) gather around the ring: wrestlers compete using diverse techniques; spectators enthusiastically cheer on their favorites; and the winner rides a bull in celebration. As an exercise of the whole body, Ssirum fosters the cultivation of the body and mind. It also encourages mutual respect and cooperation, contributing to the harmony and cohesion of communities and groups. Pyongyang, the capital city, plays a central role in enacting, protecting and transmitting Ssirum, comprising a number of communities, organizations and institutions concerned with the practice, including the Korean Ssirum Association. Koreans start learning Ssirum from family members and neighbours from childhood, and it is taught by educational institutions at all levels.

Republic of Korea

Ssireum, or traditional wrestling, is a popular form of entertainment widely enjoyed across the Republic of Korea. Ssireum is a type of wrestling in which two players wearing long fabric belts around their waists and one thigh grip their opponents’ belt and deploy various techniques to send them to the ground. The winner of the final game for adults is awarded an ox, symbolizing agricultural abundance, and the title of ‘Jangsa’. When the games are over, the Jangsa parades around the neighbourhood riding the ox in celebration. Ssireum games take place on sand in any available space in a neighbourhood, and are open to community members of all ages, from children to seniors. They are played on various occasions, including traditional holidays, market days and festivals. Different regions have developed variants of ssireum based on their specific backgrounds, but they all share the common social function of ssireum – enhancing community solidarity and collaboration. As an approachable sport involving little risk of injury, ssireum also offers a means of improving mental and physical health. Koreans are broadly exposed to ssireum traditions within their families and local communities: children learn the wrestling skills from family members; local communities hold annual open wrestling tournaments; and instruction on the element is also provided in schools.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region