【美洲·巴西】拉尼昂州的本巴牛文化Cultural Complex of Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão（2019年）

Maranhão Bumba meu boi的文化综合体是一种仪式性实践，涉及音乐、舞蹈、表演和路德表达的形式，其中练习者与神圣的关系由牛的形象来调节。这种实践具有某些关键的区别元素：生命周期；神秘的宗教世界；还有牛本身。这种做法充满了象征意义：通过再现出生、生命和死亡的循环，它为人类存在本身提供了一个隐喻。在巴西的其他州也有类似的表达形式，但在马兰霍本巴，梅博以其包含的各种风格和群体，以及信仰、节日和艺术之间的内在关系而著称。每年，来自马兰戈的班巴团体都会重新设计这一庆祝活动，创作歌曲、喜剧、牛皮革上的刺绣和表演者的服装。这些团体分为五种主要的“口音”，各有特点，尽管各不相同，但每年都有一系列表演和庆祝活动。节日周期——在6月底达到顶峰——可能会持续四到八个月，包括以下几个阶段：彩排；季前赛；洗礼；公开表演或“布林卡达斯”；以及牛死前后的仪式。这种做法是一个革新的时期，在此期间，能量被重新激活，并通过儿童团体、舞蹈工作室和团体内自发地传播。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Cultural Complex of Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão is a ritualistic practice involving forms of musical, choreographic, performing and ludic expression, in which the practitioners’ relationship with the sacred is mediated by the figure of the ox. The practice features certain key distinguishing elements: the cycle of life; the mystical-religious universe; and the ox itself. The practice is heavily charged with symbolism: by reproducing the cycle of birth, life and death, it offers a metaphor for human existence itself. There are similar forms of expression in other Brazilian states, but in Maranhão Bumba-meu-boi is distinguished by the various styles and groups it includes, as well as by the intrinsic relationship between faith, festivities and art. Each year, the Bumba groups from Maranhão reinvent this celebration, creating the songs, comedies, the embroideries on the ox leather and the performers’ costumes. Divided into five main ‘accents’ with particular features, the groups, albeit diverse, share a yearly calendar of performances and festivities. The festival cycle – which reaches its peak at the end of June – may last for four to eight months, involving the following stages: rehearsals; the pre-season; baptisms; public performances or ‘brincadas’; and rituals around the ox’s death. The practice is a period of renovation during which energies are reinvigorated, and is transmitted through children’s groups, dance workshops, and spontaneously within the group.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region