【亚洲·印度】印度尼西亚的蜡染印花工艺Indonesian Batik（2009年）

印尼蜡染手染棉和丝绸服装的技术、象征意义和文化自始至终渗透在印尼人的生活中：婴儿被用蜡染吊带抱着，吊带上装饰着给孩子带来好运的符号，死者被埋葬用的蜡染包裹着。在商业和学术场合，人们经常穿着带有日常设计的服装，而在结婚和怀孕的庆祝活动中，以及在木偶戏和其他艺术形式中，人们会穿上特殊的服装。这些服装甚至在某些仪式中扮演着核心角色，比如将皇家蜡染布投入火山的仪式。蜡染是由自豪的工匠们染色，他们在织物上用热蜡的点和线绘制图案，热蜡可以抵抗植物和其他染料，因此工匠可以通过将织物浸泡在一种颜色中，用沸水去除蜡，并在需要多种颜色时重复，来选择性地着色。图案的多样性反映了各种影响，从阿拉伯书法、欧洲花束和中国凤凰到日本樱花和印度或波斯孔雀。蜡染工艺通常在家族中世代相传，与印尼人民的文化身份交织在一起，并通过其颜色和设计的象征意义，表达他们的创造力和精神。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The techniques, symbolism and culture surrounding hand-dyed cotton and silk garments known as Indonesian Batik permeate the lives of Indonesians from beginning to end: infants are carried in batik slings decorated with symbols designed to bring the child luck, and the dead are shrouded in funerary batik. Clothes with everyday designs are worn regularly in business and academic settings, while special varieties are incorporated into celebrations of marriage and pregnancy and into puppet theatre and other art forms. The garments even play the central role in certain rituals, such as the ceremonial casting of royal batik into a volcano. Batik is dyed by proud craftspeople who draw designs on fabric using dots and lines of hot wax, which resists vegetable and other dyes and therefore allows the artisan to colour selectively by soaking the cloth in one colour, removing the wax with boiling water and repeating if multiple colours are desired. The wide diversity of patterns reflects a variety of influences, ranging from Arabic calligraphy, European bouquets and Chinese phoenixes to Japanese cherry blossoms and Indian or Persian peacocks. Often handed down within families for generations, the craft of batik is intertwined with the cultural identity of the Indonesian people and, through the symbolic meanings of its colours and designs, expresses their creativity and spirituality.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region