【欧洲·克罗地亚】伊斯的利亚音阶的双声部歌唱和演奏 Two-part singing and playing in the Istrian scale（2009年）

在克罗地亚西部的伊斯特拉半岛，克罗地亚人、伊斯特罗罗马尼亚人和意大利人保留了几种伊斯特拉音阶的两段式唱歌和演奏。这种风格的特点是充满活力，部分带有鼻音。它在两个声乐部分都有一定程度的变化和即兴表演，但总是以两个表演者齐声演唱或相隔一个八度结束。典型的乐器有索佩尔·肖姆斯、风笛、长笛和坦布拉琵琶，它们总是成对演奏。几个地方亚风格形成了自己的特点。例如，在主要由克罗地亚人表演的卡纳特，第二个声音经常与一个小的sopele交换或加倍；在被称为塔兰坎耶（tarankanje）的广泛变体中，单词有时会被用来模仿长笛声音的特征音节（ta-na-na、ta-ra-ran等）所取代。这一传统仍然是日常生活和节日活动的一部分，包括婚礼、社区和家庭聚会以及宗教仪式。它的持有者，大约一百名杰出的歌手和演员，以及大约十名工匠，从他们的长辈那里获得了他们的技能和知识。如今，他们经常与遍布该地区的有组织的业余民俗团体联系在一起。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

On the Istrian peninsula in western Croatia, several varieties of two-part singing and playing in the Istrian scale are preserved by Croatian, Istro-Romanian and Italian communities. The style is characterized by vigorous, partly nasal singing. It involves a degree of variation and improvisation in both vocal parts but always ends with two performers singing in unison or an octave apart. Typical musical instruments are the sopele shawms, always played in a pair, bagpipes, flutes and the tambura lute. Several local sub-styles have developed their own characteristics. For example, in kanat, performed primarily by the Croatian population, the second voice is often exchanged for or doubled with a small sopele; in the widespread variant known as tarankanje, words are sometimes replaced with characteristic syllables (ta-na-na, ta-ra-ran, etc.) designed to imitate the sound of the flute. This tradition is still a part of everyday life and festive occasions, including wedding ceremonies, community and family gatherings and religious services. Its bearers, about a hundred outstanding singers and players and some ten craftspeople, have acquired their skills and knowledge from their elders. Nowadays they are often associated with organized amateur folklore groups, spread throughout the region.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region