【欧洲·克罗地亚】克罗地亚的花边制作 Lacemaking in Croatia（2009年）

今天，克罗地亚至少保留了三种不同的鞋带制作传统，集中在亚得里亚海的帕格镇、克罗地亚北部的莱波格拉瓦镇和同名的达尔马提亚岛上的赫瓦尔镇。Pag针尖花边最初用于制作教会服装、桌布和服装装饰品。这一过程包括用几何图案装饰蜘蛛网图案，如今由提供全年课程的老年女性传播。Lepoglava bobbin蕾丝由缠绕在纱锭或筒子上的编织线制成；它通常被用来制作民间服饰的蕾丝丝带，或在乡村集市上出售。莱波格拉瓦的一个国际蕾丝节每年都会庆祝这项艺术。芦荟花边仅由克罗地亚赫瓦尔镇的本笃会修女制作。从新鲜的芦荟叶芯中提取白色细线，在纸板背景上编织成网或其他图案。由此产生的作品是Hvar的象征。长期以来，每种花边都是农村妇女创造的额外收入来源，并在该地区的文化中留下了永久的印记。这种工艺既是传统服装的重要组成部分，也是活的文化传统的见证。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

At least three distinct traditions of Lacemaking in Croatia persist today, centred on the towns of Pag on the Adriatic, Lepoglava in northern Croatia and Hvar on the Dalmatian island of the same name. Pag needle-point lace was originally used to make ecclesiastical garments, tablecloths and ornaments for clothing. The process involves embellishing a spider web pattern with geometrical motifs and is transmitted today by older women who offer year-long courses. Lepoglava bobbin lace is made by braiding thread wound on spindles, or bobbins; it is often used to make lace ribbons for folk costumes or is sold at village fairs. An International Lace Festival in Lepoglava celebrates the art every year. Aloe lace is made in Croatia only by Benedictine nuns in the town of Hvar. Thin, white threads are obtained from the core of fresh aloe leaves and woven into a net or other pattern on a cardboard background. The resulting pieces are a symbol of Hvar. Each variety of lace has long been created by rural women as a source of additional income and has left a permanent mark on the culture of its region. The craft both produces an important component of traditional clothes and is itself testimony to a living cultural tradition.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region