【欧洲·克罗地亚】克罗地亚北部的姜饼制作技艺 Gingerbread craft from Northern Croatia（2010年）

姜饼制作的传统在中世纪出现在欧洲的一些修道院，并在克罗地亚成为一种工艺。姜饼工匠也制作蜂蜜和蜡烛，他们在克罗地亚北部地区工作。制作姜饼的过程需要技巧和速度。所有制造商的食谱都是一样的，使用面粉、糖、水和小苏打，外加必需的香料。姜饼被做成模具，烘焙，干燥，涂上可食用的颜色。每个工匠都以特定的方式装饰姜饼，通常是用图片、小镜子、诗句或信息。姜饼心是最常见的图案，通常是为结婚准备的，上面装饰着新婚夫妇的名字和结婚日期。每个姜饼制造商都在特定区域内工作，不会干扰其他工匠的工作。几百年来，这种手艺代代相传，最初传给男性，但现在传给男性和女性。姜饼已经成为克罗地亚人身份最易辨认的象征之一。如今，姜饼制造商是当地节日、活动和集会的重要参与者，为当地人提供了身份认同感和连续性。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The tradition of gingerbread making appeared in certain European monasteries during the Middle Ages and came to Croatia where it became a craft. Gingerbread craftspeople, who also made honey and candles, worked in the area of Northern Croatia. The process of making gingerbread requires skill and speed. The recipe is the same for all makers, utilizing flour, sugar, water and baking soda – plus the obligatory spices. The gingerbread is shaped into moulds, baked, dried and painted with edible colours. Each craftsperson decorates gingerbread in a specific way, often with pictures, small mirrors and verses or messages. The gingerbread heart is the most common motif, and is frequently prepared for marriages, decorated with the newlyweds’ names and wedding date. Each gingerbread maker operates within a certain area without interfering with that of another craftsperson. The craft has been passed on from one generation to another for centuries, initially to men, but now to both men and women. Gingerbread has become one of the most recognizable symbols of Croatian identity. Today, gingerbread makers are essential participants in local festivities, events and gatherings, providing the local people with a sense of identity and continuity.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region