在罗马尼亚,德诺依娜(Dno?na)有各种名称,它是一种抒情而庄严的、自发的、即兴的吟唱。作为罗马尼亚民间艺术的精华,它一直是这个国家许多地区1900年以前唯一的音乐种类。从专业上说,德诺依娜可以在任何场合(户外、家里、工作中或守灵的时候)演唱,总是以独唱、伴奏或无伴奏(伴奏可能包括传统的长笛、风笛和临时做成的乐器)的形式出现。不同区域的德诺依娜有一些变化。它涵盖的主题范围广泛,表现喜悦、悲伤、孤独、社会矛盾、匪帮争斗、爱情等等。德诺依娜不仅可以表达个人的品质、情感和创作表演者的艺术品味,也具有一种重要的社会作用,即宣泄疏导、促进团结的作用。它也融和了其他的艺术表现形式(如舞蹈)。今天,一些地方的德诺依娜在传承方面受到了威胁,父辈与孩子之间的传承脉络可能中断。尽管约有十五人已被认定为各种类型的德诺依娜的代表性传承人,为了保障这项重要的罗马尼亚的非物质文化遗产继续繁荣,仍需要恢复一种有益于表演与传承德诺依娜的环境。

In Romania, Doina has a variety of names, it is a lyrical and solemn, spontaneous, impromptu chanting. As the essence of Romanian folk art, it has been the only type of music in many parts of the country until 1900. Professionally, Doina can sing on any occasion (outdoors, at home, at work, or at a wake), always in the form of solo, accompaniment, or accompaniment (accompaniment may include traditional flutes, bagpipes, and makeshift instruments). There have been some changes in Doina in different regions. It covers a wide range of topics, showing joy, sadness, loneliness, social contradictions, gang battles, love and so on. Doina can not only express the quality of the individual, emotion and the artistic taste of the creative performer, but also have an important social role, that is, the role of catharsis, promote unity. It also blends other forms of artistic expression (such as dance). Today, Doina in some places is threatened with inheritance, and the lineage between parents and children may be disrupted. Although some 15 people have been identified as representative heirs of all types of Doina, in order to ensure the continued prosperity of this important Romanian intangible cultural heritage, there is still a need to restore an environment conducive to the performance and transmission of Doina.


上一篇:【欧洲·法国】奥布松挂毯 Aubusson tapestry(2009年)

下一篇:【欧洲·意大利】地中海饮食 The Mediterranean diet(2013年)