【欧洲·法国】玛洛亚 Maloya（2009年）

玛洛亚（Maloya）是留尼旺岛的一种本土的音乐、舞蹈和歌曲形式。从一开始，玛洛亚就混合了不同种族的起源，它是由甘蔗种植园的马达加斯加和非洲奴隶创造出来的，最终为岛屿上的整个人口所改造。起初的玛洛亚是一名独奏者(或独唱者)与合唱的对话，打击乐器伴奏，今天的玛洛亚包涵了从文本到乐器（非洲手鼓、合成器、鼓等乐器传入），日益增多的各种形式。在舞台上，玛洛亚由专业和半专业的艺术家表演，它融合了摇滚、reggae（源于牙买加的流行音乐）、爵士乐，也赋予了当代艺术灵感。玛洛亚尽管最初是祭拜祖先的仪式的一部分，随着时间流逝，逐渐成为了悲叹奴隶制度的歌曲，而最近三十年，它成为了岛屿的文化象征。岛上所有的文化、政治和社会事件都伴以玛洛亚表演，它也因此成了表明政治权利的媒介和手段。现在，有记载的、活跃的玛洛亚表演团体多达300个，包括一些世界闻名的艺术家，留尼旺公立艺术学校的专业音乐教学也促进了这项传统的流传。玛洛亚作为一种国家的文化认同、文化融合的范例和模式，以及一种道德标准，随着社会变化，主要传承人和崇敬这种音乐舞蹈的祖先消失，其生存状态仍然受到威胁。

Maloya is a native form of music, dance and song reunion. From the beginning, Maloya mixed the origins of different races, which were created by Malagasy and African slaves on sugar cane plantations and eventually transformed the entire population of the islands. The initial Maloya was a soloist (or soloist) with a chorus of conversations, percussion accompaniment, and today's Maloya contains a growing variety of forms from text to musical instruments (African tambourine, synthesizers, drums and other instruments). On stage, Maloya is performed by professional and semi-professional artists, blending rock and roll, reggae (pop music from Jamaica), jazz, and contemporary art inspiration. Maloya, though originally part of the ritual of worshipping his ancestors, gradually became a song of lament for slavery over time, and in the last 30 years it has become a cultural symbol of the island. All the cultural, political and social events on the island are accompanied by Maloya, which has thus become a medium and a means of demonstrating political rights. Today, there are as many as 300 documented and active Maloya performing groups, including some of the world's most famous artists, and the teaching of professional music at the public art school in Reunion has contributed to the spread of this tradition. Maloya as a national cultural identity, cultural integration of the paradigm and model, as well as a moral standard, with the social changes, the main heirs and reverence for the music dance ancestors disappeared, its state of existence is still under threat.