【欧洲·匈牙利】莫哈奇的冬末面具狂欢节 Busó festivities at Mohács: masked end-of-winter carnival custom（2009年）

匈牙利南部的莫哈奇面具狂欢节是二月末的节日，标志着冬天的结束，持续六天的狂欢节得名于令人恐惧的装扮形象“busós”，即头戴木质面具、身披羊毛大斗篷的人们（传统上由男人装扮）。节日的内容丰富多彩，有儿童服装竞赛、面具雕刻和其他工艺的展览，500多个“busós”乘划艇沿多瑙河而来，与马车或机动车一起行进穿过城市，在中心广场的大篝火上燃烧棺木象征着送走冬天，整个城市沉浸在节日盛宴和音乐之中。这项传统源于莫哈奇的克罗地亚少数民族，而今天的“busó”已成为莫哈奇市的象征，也是城市历史的重大事件的纪念。狂欢节不仅仅是社会活动，还表达了一种归属于一个城市、一个社会群体和一个民族的认同感。它的重要社会作用还包括：为人们提供了在社团范围内表现自我的机会。狂欢节的艺术内涵得到了各种文化背景下的自发组织的群体的保护，他们中的很多人将面具雕刻的技巧方法和庆典仪式传给了年轻一代。

Busó festivities at Mohács in southern Hungary is the end of February, marking the end of winter, and the six-day carnival is named after the frightening image of Busós, the people wearing wooden masks and wearing large woolen cloaks (traditionally dressed by men). The festive content is colourful, with exhibitions of children's clothing competitions, mask carvings and other crafts, more than 500 Busós rowing along the Danube, marching through the city with carriages or motor vehicles, and burning coffins on the big bonfire in the central square, symbolizing the delivery of winter, the whole city immersed in festive feast and music. This tradition stems from the Croatian minority in Mohács, and today's Busó has become a symbol of the city of Mohács and a memorial to major events in the history of the city. Carnival is not only a social activity, but also expresses a sense of identity belonging to a city, a social group and a people. Its important social role also includes providing people with the opportunity to express themselves within the community. The artistic connotations of carnival are protected by groups of spontaneous organizations in various cultural contexts, many of whom pass on the techniques and ceremonies of mask carving to the younger generation.