欧隆克(Olonkho)指的是各种雅库特人诗歌故事的文本形式。它是土耳其-蒙古民族最古老的史诗艺术形式,见于俄联邦东北部的萨哈共和国。
  这些叙事诗是雅库特人主要的诗歌形式,具有教育的功能。诗歌的长度从10-15行到20,000行不等,最长的共计50,000行。它描述雅库特人的信仰、萨满教、风土人情,并且给予阐释。它还讲述生活的道理,讲述古代勇士的传说和功绩,这些传说与萨满教的传说有极深的渊源。诗歌反映了奴隶社会瓦解的时代,对神、灵、妖魔以及各种兽类和鸟类等进行了生动的描绘。它还反映弱小民族在政治高压、恶劣的气候条件和自然环境下挣扎生存的社会经济生活方式。
  每个社区都有他们自己的讲述人,这些人都掌握丰富的作品,从而使得欧隆克在流传时形成各种版本。这一传统以家庭为载体得以发展,它是人们在家中度过漫漫冬日时最佳的消遣。用歌唱的方式讲演,用快速的节奏作精炼的描述——吟诵者必须既是好演员,又是才华横溢的歌手、雄辩的大师和即兴创作的天才。

Olonkho refers to the textual form of various Yakut poetic stories.   It is the oldest form of epic art in the Turkish-Mongolian nation and is found in the Republic of Sakha in the northeastern part of the Russian Federation. These narrative poems are the main poetic forms of the Yakutia people and have the function of education. The length of poetry ranges from 10-15 lines to 20,000 lines, with a maximum of 50,000 rows. It describes the beliefs, shamanism, customs and interpretations of the Yakutia people. It also tells the truth about life, about the legends and exploits of ancient warriors, which have deep roots in the legends of Shamanism. Poetry reflects the era of the disintegration of slave society, vividly depicting gods, spirits, demons, and all kinds of beasts and birds.   It also reflects the socio-economic way of life of small and vulnerable peoples struggling to survive under political pressure, harsh climatic conditions and natural environment. Each community has its own narrator, all of whom have a wealth of work that allows Olonkho to form various versions when it is circulating. This tradition has been developed as a vehicle for the family, and it is the best pastime for people to spend the long winter days at home. To speak in a singing way, to refine the description with a quick rhythm-the chanting must be both a good actor, a brilliant singer, an eloquent master, and an impromptu genius.

 


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