【美洲•古巴】奥连特兄弟会的法国鼓乐 La Tumba Francesa （2008年）

这种称为法国鼓乐的欢快的歌舞鼓乐艺术，体现了与古巴奥连特省的非洲海地文化的最久远和最明显的联系。
　　这种音乐是18世纪法国传统舞蹈与西非达荷美地区音乐融合的结果。18世纪90年代海地发生骚乱，海地的奴隶被转运到古巴的东部，他们将鼓乐也带到了古巴。这一文化传统的最初文字记载，是19世纪初期在距圣地亚哥和关塔那摩城不远的咖啡种植园里发现的。1886年古巴废除奴隶制之后，解放了的奴隶跑到城里寻找工作，这样，在古巴东部几个城镇中便形成了一些法国鼓乐团体。
　　这种演出一般是由独唱演员用西班牙或法国方言开场，在领唱的示意下跟进一种木制打击乐器演奏的急促的旋律，然后用三只鼓来加强节奏。这种鼓乐器与现代的康茄鼓相似，但口径更大，是掏空整块木头制作而成的，表面还刻画着各种装饰图案。
演出的指导是镇长，演员主要是女性。歌唱演员和舞蹈演员都穿着殖民时期的长装，头系西非的方巾，手执彩色的披肩。歌唱演员和着金属乐器的卡塔卡塔声和恰恰的节拍演唱。这种载歌载舞的演出，每一节都在30分钟左右，一般要持续到深夜。
　　今天，在众多与法国鼓乐有关的舞蹈形式中，只有两种还定期演出。一种叫“玛松” （mason），是一种模仿法国舞厅舞蹈的轻快舞蹈。另一种叫“尤巴”（yuba），是一种急剧的鼓乐伴奏下的即兴舞蹈。19世纪末期，法国鼓乐最为流行。现在，这种文化传统的重要价值被保留，三个社区演出团体继续保持着传统法国鼓乐的生机与活力。
This cheerful art of singing, dancing and drumming, known as French drum music, represents the oldest and most obvious connection with the Haitian culture of Africa in the province of oliant, Cuba.
This music is the result of the fusion of traditional French dance in the 18th century with music in the Dahomey region of west Africa. When riots broke out in Haiti in the 1890s, Haitian slaves were transported to eastern Cuba, where they brought drum music. The first written records of this cultural tradition were found in the early 19th cent8ury on coffee plantations not far from San Diego and guantanamo bay. After the abolition of slavery in Cuba in 1886, the freed slaves went to the cities to find jobs. As a result, some French drum groups were formed in several towns in eastern Cuba.
The show typically begins with a soloist in Spanish or French dialect, following up on a hurried melody played by a wooden percussion instrument with a lead singer's signal, and then using three drums to reinforce the rhythm. The drum instrument is similar to a modern conga drum, but has a larger diameter and is hollowed out of an entire piece of wood, with decorative patterns carved into the surface.
The director of the show is the mayor, and the actors are mainly women. Singers and dancers wore long colonial dresses with west African scarves on their heads and colorful shawls in their hands. The singers sang to the metal instrument kata kata and cha-cha rhythm. This kind of singing and dancing performance, each section is about 30 minutes, generally to continue late into the night.
Today, only two of the many dance forms associated with French drum music are performed regularly. One, mason, is a light dance that mimics the dance of a French ballroom. The other, yuba, is an impromptu dance to the accompaniment of sharp drums. At the end of the 19th century, French drum music was the most popular. Now, the important value of this cultural tradition is preserved, and the three community performing groups continue to maintain the vitality and vitality of traditional French drum music.