“Nôgaku剧院的全盛时期是在十四世纪和十五世纪,但实际上起源于八世纪,当时“Sangaku”一词由中国传入日本。当时,“Sangaku”指的是各种类型的表演,包括杂技演员、歌舞和喜剧小品。它后来适应了日本社会泰导致了它对其他传统艺术形式的同化。如今,Nôgaku是日本戏剧的主要形式,影响了木偶戏和歌舞伎。

Nôgaku剧院通常以传统文学中的故事为基础,在一场以舞蹈为基础的表演中融合了面具、服装和各种道具。此外,这个剧院需要训练有素的演员和音乐家。Nôgaku包括两种类型的剧院:Noh和Kyôgen,它们在同一个空间中演出。舞台伸向观众,通过一条走道与后台的“镜厅”相连。在Noh中,情绪由程式化的常规手势来表示。主人公通常是一个超自然的人,以人类的形式讲述故事。Noh以其独特的面具而闻名,用于扮演鬼魂、妇女、儿童和老人。另一方面,基翁较少依赖面具的使用,它源于《桑加库》的幽默剧,反映在它的喜剧对话中。这本书是用古代语言写成的,生动地描述了12至16世纪的普通人。

1957年,日本政府指定Nôgaku为重要的非物质文化财产,这为传统及其最有成就的实践者提供了一定程度的法律保护。国立诺剧场成立于1983年,定期举办演出。它还组织课程,培训纳加库的主角。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源:联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

 

Nôgaku theatre had its heyday in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but actually originated in the eighth century when the Sangaku was transmitted from China to Japan. At the time, the term Sangaku referred to various types of performance featuring acrobats, song and dance as well as comic sketches. Its subsequent adaption to Japanese society led to its assimilation of other traditional art forms. Today, Nôgaku is the principal form of Japanese theatre and has influenced the puppet theatre as well as Kabuki.

Often based on tales from traditional literature, Nôgaku theatre integrates masks, costumes and various props in a dance-based performance. Moreover, this theatre requires highly trained actors and musicians. Nôgaku encompasses two types of theatre: Noh and Kyôgen, which are performed in the same space. The stage projects into the audience and is linked by a walkway to a “hall of mirrors” backstage. In Noh, emotions are represented by stylised conventional gestures. The hero is often a supernatural being who takes on human form to narrate a story. The distinctive masks for which Noh is renowned are used for the roles of ghosts, women, children and old people. Kyôgen, on the other hand, relies less on the use of masks and is derived from the humorous plays of the Sangaku, as reflected in its comic dialogue. The text is written in ancient language and vividly describes the ordinary people of the twelfth to sixteenth centuries.

In 1957 the Japanese Government designated Nôgaku as an Important Intangible Cultural Property, which affords a degree of legal protection to the tradition as well as its most accomplished practitioners. The National Noh Theatre was founded in 1983 and stages regular performances. It also organizes courses to train actors in the leading roles of the Nôgaku.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region




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