【亚洲·韩国】宫廷宗庙祭祀礼乐 Royal ancestral ritual in the Jongmyo shrine and its music（2008年）

“首尔的琼瑶神社是儒家祭祀朝鲜王朝（14至19世纪）祖先的场所包括歌曲、舞蹈和音乐。该仪式每年在5月的第一个星期日举行一次，由王室后裔组织。它提供了一个独特的儒家仪式的例子，在中国已不再被庆祝。这一传统的灵感来源于有关祖先崇拜和孝道观念的中国古典文献。它还包括在神龛中祈祷祖先的灵魂永远和平，神龛被视为他们的精神安息之地。

仪式的顺序是在15世纪确定的，大多数元素直到今天都没有改变。在仪式期间，祭司们穿着仪式服装，为国王戴上王冠，为其他人戴上王冠，在仪式容器中供奉食物和葡萄酒。琼米舞是伴随仪式演奏的音乐，用传统乐器演奏，如锣、铃、琵琶、古筝和长笛。

舞蹈由64名舞蹈演员表演，共8行，代表儒家经文中规定的阴阳对立但互补的力量。孟母舞伴随着和谐舒缓的波太平音乐，以向左迈出第一步为特点。木姆舞象征着阳的力量，而木姆舞则伴随着正大越音乐，以向右移动为特点，代表着阴的力量。

如今，祖先仪式通常被认为毫无意义，尤其是在基督教日益重要的背景下。然而，该仪式及其音乐受到《国家非物质遗产名录》和1982年《文化财产保护法》的保护。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Jongmyo Shrine in Seoul is the setting for a Confucian ritual dedicated to the ancestors of the Joseon dynasty (14th to the 19th century) that encompasses song, dance and music. The ritual is practised once a year on the first Sunday in May and is organized by the descendants of the royal family. It offers a unique example of a Confucian ritual, which is no longer celebrated in China. The tradition is inspired by classical Chinese texts concerning the cult of ancestors and the notion of filial piety. It also includes a prayer for the eternal peace of the ancestors’ spirits in a shrine conceived as their spiritual resting place.

The order of the ceremony was defined in the fifteenth century and most elements have remained unchanged until today. During the rite, the priests, dressed in ritual costume with a crown for the king and diadems for the others, make offerings of food and wine in ritual vessels. The Jongmyo Jerye is music played to accompany the rituals and is performed on traditional instruments, such as gongs, bells, lutes, zithers and flutes.

The dances are performed by 64 dancers in 8 lines representing the opposing yet complementary forces of Yin and Yang as set out in the Confucian texts.The Munmu dance, accompanied by the harmonious and soothing Botaepyong music, is characterized by a first step to the left. While the Munmu dance symbolizes the force of the Yang, the Mumu dance, accompanied by Jeongdaeeop music and characterized by a movement to the right, represents the force of the Yin.

The ancestral ritual is nowadays often considered to be devoid of meaning, especially in the context of the growing importance of Christianity. However, the ritual and its music are protected through the National List of Intangible Heritage and the 1982 Law for the Protection of Cultural Property.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region