【亚洲·韩国】传统“歌曲Gagok”（管弦乐伴奏演唱的歌曲） Gagok, lyric song cycles accompanied by an orchestra（2010年）

Gagok是韩国传统声乐的一种体裁，由男性和女性在小型管弦乐队的伴奏下演唱，是共同构成“正歌”的几种演唱形式之一。Gagok以前是一种与上层阶级有关的音乐，如今在全国广受欢迎。Gagok包括26首男性歌曲和15首女性歌曲。南昌的特点是声音强烈、深沉、洪亮，而野昌的特点是声音尖细。Gagok的歌曲要么用庄严、平和的调子，要么用忧郁的调子，并使用10拍或16拍的节奏。该乐团的传统乐器包括geomungo六弦古筝、daegeum竹笛横笛、gayageum十二弦古筝和piri（小型双簧管）。Gagok歌曲因其抒情模式、平衡、优美的旋律和先进的音乐构成而广受赞誉。作为一名歌手，获得技巧需要花费大量的时间和精力，而表演需要奉献和极度的控制。Gagok由当地遗产培训中心的从业者、他们的社区和相关组织保存和传播。Gagok在建立韩国人身份方面发挥了重要作用。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Gagok is a genre of traditional Korean vocal music sung by men and women to the accompaniment of a small orchestra, one of several forms of singing that together constitute jeongga, or ‘right song’. Formerly a music associated with the higher classes, Gagok is today widely popular throughout the country. Gagok comprises twenty-six namchang or songs for men, and fifteen yeochang or songs for women. Namchang are characterized by strong, deep, resonant voices, while yeochang are characterized by high-pitched, thin voices. Gagok songs are composed either in a solemn, peaceful key or a melancholic one, and use 10-beat or 16-beat rhythm. The traditional instrumentation of the orchestra includes the geomungo six-string zither, daegeum bamboo transverse flute, gayageum twelve-string zither and piri (small double-reed pipe). Gagok songs are acclaimed for their lyrical patterns, balance, refined melodies and advanced musical composition. Acquiring skill as a singer takes extensive time and effort and performance requires dedication and extreme control. Gagok is preserved and transmitted by practitioners, their communities and related organizations in local heritage training centres. Gagok has played an important role in the establishment of Korean identity.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region