【非洲·莫桑比克】朝比木琴音乐 Chopi Timbila（2008）

朝比是一个拥有自己民族语言的团体。他们居住在莫桑比克南部印海班省的南部地区。它因为有其独特的音乐而闻名，朝比管弦乐队是由五到三十个木琴组成，它们叫做缇姆比拉，这些乐器拥有多种型号和一系列不同的音区。木比拉（缇姆比拉的复式形式）是一种制作精良和调试过的木制乐器，是一种木板制成的木琴。它是由生长缓慢的米万耶树制成的，这种木材可以产生共鸣。在每个木制的细长板条下面都有一个被拉紧而产生共鸣的零件。这个板条被蜂蜡粘在一起，并用恩库索，一种植物的油作为润滑剂，使这个乐器产生了丰富的鼻腔音和典型的颤动音。这种音乐是由一种叫做米戈度的管弦乐队演奏的，乐曲由许多缇姆比拉的大师写成并由他们下一代的乐师传承和演奏。每年，许多新的曲子被谱成，并且在社区的重大节日中如婚礼上演奏。所有年龄段的人都演奏缇姆比拉，学校的儿童们在他们的祖父身旁演奏。演出持续大约一个小时，并分为各种独奏和主题、各种节拍和特殊的缇姆比拉舞蹈。这种舞蹈由2—12人在乐队前表演。每个主题的节奏十分复杂，所以，演奏时表演者的左手经常敲打出不同于右手的节奏。每一个缇姆比拉表演由一个姆再奴组成，姆再奴指伟大而庄严的歌曲，音乐家们轻柔而舒缓地演奏作品，同时，舞蹈者也会唱一首诗或讲一段演讲词，这些诗充满了幽默和讽刺意味，反映了当代的社会问题，也记录下历史事件。朝比缇姆比拉音乐已经由16世纪进入该地区的葡萄牙商人和传教士记述下来，现在仍然继续发展着。

Chaobi is a group with its own national language. They live in the southern part of the Indian province of Mozambique. It is known for its unique music, which consists of five to thirty xylophones called tmbila, which come in a variety of models and a range of different sound zones. Mubila (the complex form of tmbila is a well-made and commissioned wooden instrument, a xylophone made of wood. It is made from the slow-growing Miwanye tree, which resonates. Under each of the wooden slender slats there is a piece that is tensioned to resonate. The slats are glued together by beeswax and use Encuso, a plant oil as a lubricant, to create a rich nasal sound and typical vibrating sound. The music was performed by an orchestra called Miggot, which was written by many of the masters of Zimbila and passed on and performed by their next generation of musicians. Every year, many new songs are scored and played in weddings at major festivals in the community. People of all ages play ra, and the children of the school play by their grandfather. The performance lasts for about an hour and is divided into various souvenirs and themes, various beats and specialdances. This dance was performed by 2-12 people in front of the band. The rhythm of each theme is very complicated, so the performer's left hand often beats a rhythm different from the right hand when playing. Each of la performances consists of a mr slave, who refers to the great and solemn songs, the musicians play the work gently and soothingly, and the dancers sing a poem or a speech. These poems are full of humor and irony, reflecting contemporary social issues and recording historical events. The Chaobi Bimbilla music has been recorded by Portuguese merchants and missionaries who entered the region in the 16th century and continues to develop.