【非洲·赞比亚 】迈基石化妆舞会 The Makishi Masquerade（2008）

 迈基石化妆舞会是一种八到十二岁的男孩的成年礼仪式，在“木堪达”的尾声部分举行。这一仪式见于瓦卡、齐亚马等社区，这里居住着赞比亚西北和西部省份的路瓦尔人、巧克维人、路查兹人和姆布达 人。通常，旱季开始时，男孩们离开家，在远离村庄的灌木丛中露营一到三个月。男孩的与世隔绝象征着他们作为孩子已死亡。在成年礼营里，仪式参与者被称为“屯丹吉”，他们不属于世俗世界。“木堪达”包括仪式参与者的割礼、勇气测试和为他们将来作为男人和丈夫的角色所准备的课程。每个受礼者都被分配到一个特殊的伴随整个过程的面具角色。这些角色包括齐萨鲁克，他代表具有精神影响力的有权又富有的人；木堪达的统治者木帕拉，具有超自然能力的保护神；普维沃，一个代表完美女性的角色，负有在仪式上音乐伴奏和舞蹈的责任；另外一个面具角色是迈基石，代表了已故的祖先回到世俗世界来帮助男孩。木堪达的结尾是一个叫作“齐兰德”的毕业典礼。全村人都来观看舞蹈并以哑剧表演款待观众，直到完成成年礼的人从营地回来，并作为一个成年男人重新融入社会和家庭。这一仪式具有传授生存技能、自然知识、性知识、宗教信仰以及团体的社会价值的实践性的教育功能。

The Maiji Stone Masquerade is a ritual ceremony for a boy between the ages of eight and twelve, held at the end of the "Wood Kanda". This ritual is found in the communities of Waka, Chiama and other places, where the Luvars, the chocolates, the Luchazis and the Mbudas live in the northwestern and western provinces of Zambia. Usually, at the beginning of the dry season, the boys leave home and camp for a month or three in the bushes far from the village. The boy's isolation means that they have died as children. In the adult ceremonial camp, the ceremonial participants are called “屯丹吉” and they are not part of the secular world. “Kukanda” includes circumcision, courage testing, and courses for their future roles as men and husbands. Each recipient is assigned a special mask character that accompanies the entire process. These characters include Qisaluk, who represents the powerful and wealthy people with spiritual influence; Mupala, the ruler of Mukhada, a patron of supernatural power; Puweiwo, a character representing perfect women, Responsible for music accompaniment and dance at the ceremony; another mask role is the foundation stone, representing the late ancestors returning to the secular world to help the boy. The end of Mukherda is a graduation ceremony called "Ziland." The whole village came to watch the dance and entertain the audience with a pantomime until the person who completed the rites returned from the camp and reintegrated into society and family as an adult man. This ritual has a practical educational function that teaches survival skills, natural knowledge, sexual knowledge, religious beliefs, and the social values of the group.