【亚洲•中国】古琴艺术 The Guqin and its Music （2008年）

【项目简介】

 Project brief introduction

古琴艺术

在中国历史发展的长河中，古琴一直占据着一个重要地位，和中国的书画、诗　歌以及文学一起成为中国传统文化的承载者。古琴是中国独奏乐器中最具代表性的一种。人们弹奏古琴往往不仅是为了演奏音乐，还和自娱自赏、冥思、个人修养以及挚友间的情感交流密不可分。

从早期的文学作品以及考古发现中，可以得知古琴在中国已有3000多年的历史。它的演奏是一种高雅和身份的象征，因此它成了一种贵族和文人的精英艺术，而不是一种面向大众的表演艺术。实际上，古琴和中国文人的历史有着密不可分的渊源，因为它是中国文人所必需的素质修养“琴、棋、书、画”当中的一种，且位居其首。古琴艺术吸纳了大量优雅动听的曲调，演奏技法复杂而精妙，而且有着独特的记谱法，大量乐谱都是人们口头流传下来的。

古琴有七根弦，十三个徽，通过十种不同的拨弦方式，演奏者可以演奏出四个八度。古琴的演奏有三种基本技巧：散、按、泛。“散”是空弦发音，其声刚劲浑厚，常用于曲调中的骨干音；“泛”是以左手轻触徽位，发出轻盈虚飘的乐音(泛音)，多弹奏华彩性曲调；“按”是左手按弦发音，移动按指可以改变有效弦长以达到改变音高的目的。同一个音高可以在不同弦、不同徽位用散、按、泛等不同方法奏出，音色富于变化。

Guqin art

Guqin has always played an important role in the development of Chinese history, and together with Chinese painting, poetry and literature, it has become the carrier of Chinese traditional culture. Guqin is one of the most representative solo instruments in China. People often play Guqin not only for music, but also for self-entertainment, meditation, personal accomplishment and emotional exchanges between close friends.

From the early literary works and archaeological discoveries, we can know that Guqin has a history of more than 3000 years in China. Its performance is a symbol of elegance and identity, so it has become an elite art of nobility and literati, rather than a performance art for the public. In fact, Guqin and the history of Chinese literati have an inseparable origin, because it is one of the necessary qualities for Chinese literati to cultivate "qin, chess, calligraphy, painting", and ranks first. Guqin art absorbs a large number of elegant melodies, playing techniques are complex and exquisite, and has a unique notation, a large number of music scores are passed down orally.

Guqin has seven strings and thirteen emblems. Through ten different strings, the performer can play four octaves. There are three basic skills in Guqin performance: scattering, pressing and panning. "Sansan" is an empty string pronunciation, its sound is strong and strong, often used in the backbone of the tune; "Pan" is a light and empty sound (overtone) produced by touching the emblem with the left hand, playing colorful tunes; "Press" is a left hand stringed pronunciation, and moving the fingers can change the effective stringed length to achieve the purpose of changing the pitch. The same pitch can be played in different strings and Emblems by different methods, such as scattering, pressing and panning, and the timbre is varied.

【批准时间】2003年11月 

 Approval date, November 2003