【亚洲•中国】中国水密隔舱福船制造技艺 The watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks （2010年）

【项目简介】

 Project brief introduction

中国将其水密隔舱福船制造技艺作为《急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录》的申报项目提出，其申报描述如下：水密隔舱福船制造技艺发展于中国南方的福建省，它使具备水密隔舱的海轮建造成为可能。如果航行途中一两个船舱偶然受损，海水不会涌进其他船舱，而船也会继续漂浮。帆船主要由樟木、松木和杉木制成，并通过传统木匠工具的使用集装而成。这种帆船的制造需要应用的关键技术有：榫接、??缝，分别指木板的槽舌接合，以及用苎麻、桐油、石灰等作为木板间缝的堵塞材料的技术。筑船工程由一名技艺熟练的“师傅头”(闽南地区对主持造船工匠的尊称)指挥，他监督着大量的工匠，这些工匠紧密地协作。地方社团也参与到其中，在造船过程中和新船下水之前，他们都要举行隆重的仪式，祈祷海水平静与船员平安。水密隔舱福船制造技艺的经验和工作方法是通过师徒之间的口传心授传承的。然而，随着木制船舶为钢制船舶所替代，中国式帆船的需求急剧减少；今天，全面掌握这项技术的工匠大师仅有三名；原材料的匮乏也导致了相关的建造成本有所增加，此项技艺传统的传播因而逐渐缩小，而传承人也被迫另谋职业。

Manufacturing Techniques of China's Watertight Bulkhead Fukushima Ship

China has put forward its manufacturing technology of watertight bulkhead Fukushi as a declaration item of the List of Important Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Protection. Its declaration is described as follows: the manufacturing technology of watertight bulkhead Fukushi developed in Fujian Province in southern China, which makes it possible to construct ships with watertight bulkhead. If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged during the voyage, the sea will not pour into other cabins, and the ship will continue to float. Sailing boats are mainly made of camphor, pine and Chinese fir, and are assembled through the use of traditional carpenter tools. The key technologies needed to be applied in the manufacture of this kind of sailboat are tenon joint and?? joint, which refer to the groove tongue joint of wooden board respectively, and the technology of using ramie, tung oil and lime as the blocking materials for the seams between wooden boards. Shipbuilding works are directed by a skilled "master" (honorable title for the master of shipbuilders in southern Fujian), who supervises a large number of craftsmen, who work closely together. Local societies are also involved. During the shipbuilding process and before launching the new ship, they will hold a solemn ceremony to pray for the calm sea and the safety of the crew. The experience and working methods of watertight compartment Fukushima's manufacturing skills are imparted orally and heart-to-heart between teachers and apprentices. However, with the replacement of wooden ships by steel ships, the demand for Chinese-style sailing boats has decreased dramatically; today, only three master craftsmen have mastered the technology in an all-round way; the lack of raw materials has also led to an increase in related construction costs, and the spread of this tradition has gradually diminished, while the successors have been forced to seek other careers.

【批准时间】2010年11月

Approval date，December 2010