【亚洲•中国】中国活字印刷术 Wooden movable-type printing of China（2010年）

【项目简介】

 Project brief introduction

中国活字印刷术

中国的木活字印刷术是世界上最古老的印刷技术之一，浙江瑞安保持了这门技术，那里依然使用这种技术编印谱牒。男性经过训练完成汉字的刻划，经过刻字、捡字、排字等程序后进行印刷。这需要掌握丰富的历史知识和古汉语语法。女性承担裁纸和装订的工作，直到完成宗谱的印刷。活字书页拆解之后可以反复使用。春夏秋冬，工匠们带着一套套的木活字和印刷工具，行走在地方社群中，从一个祠堂到另一个祠堂。他们用手工完成谱牒的印制。谱牒的印制完成之后有专门的仪式，印刷工匠将其放置好，锁在箱子中以便保存。木活字印刷术完全是通过家传口授的方式传承下来的。然而，这项技术所需要的精深训练、产生收入之低、当代计算机打印技术的普及，以及对印制宗谱的兴趣日益减少，都使得掌握这门技术的工匠人数迅速减少。目前，掌握了全套技术的五十岁以上的师傅仅有十一名。若再不受到保护，这项传统行业技艺不久将会消失。

Chinese movable type printing

China's wood movable type printing is one of the oldest printing technologies in the world. Ruian, Zhejiang Province, maintains this technology, which is still used to print spectrum. Men are trained to complete the characterization of Chinese characters, and then printed after the procedures of lettering, picking up and typesetting. This requires a wealth of historical knowledge and ancient Chinese grammar. Women cut paper and bind until the genealogy is printed. Movable-type pages can be used repeatedly after disassembly. In spring, summer, autumn and winter, craftsmen with a set of wooden movable type and printing tools walk in the local community, from one ancestral temple to another. They printed the genealogy manually. There is a special ceremony after the printing of the genealogy. The printers put it in place and lock it in boxes for preservation. Wood movable-type printing was handed down entirely through oral instruction at home. However, the number of craftsmen who master this technology is rapidly decreasing due to the intensive training required, the low income generated, the popularity of modern computer printing technology and the decreasing interest in the production of genealogy. At present, there are only 11 teachers over the age of 50 who have mastered the whole set of techniques. Without protection, this traditional industry skill will soon disappear.

【批准时间】2010年11月

 Approval date，December 2010