【大洋洲·瓦努阿图】瓦努阿图沙画Vanuatusha paintings
2019-04-09 09:38
沙画是瓦努阿图土著人祖祖辈辈传下来的“绝活”，较之世界其它地区的沙画艺高一筹。所谓沙画，就是在露天的沙地（沙滩）、撒满火山灰或泥土的地面上，用一只手指直接勾画出的各种图形。 瓦努阿图沙画，以其北部的一些岛屿居多，尤其是在安布里姆岛、庞特科特岛和马勒库拉岛。例如，在安布里姆岛上，沙画的图案就发现有180种。那里的原始部落艺术家手指绘出的沙画，已成为一道著名的世界旅游景观。
瓦努阿图沙画传统不仅仅是一种古老的艺术表现形式，而且还是一种存在于中部和北部岛屿之间的一种实际运用的交流方式，这种多功能的“写作”形式的出现，是基于宗教仪式、冥想和交流的各种背景之下。
沙画是训练有素的艺术家直接在地面、沙土、火山灰或是陶土上作画。画家用一根手指画出一些连续的对称的几何图形。由于暴露在露天当中，这种画很难长期保留。
大约有80多个说不同语言的部落居住在瓦努阿图中部和北部的岛屿，沙画正是作为一种不同部落之间的交流工具而出现的。它们也是用来记录和传播宗教礼仪和神话故事的工具，同时也给人们提供了了解当地历史、宇宙论、部族体系、科学现象、连篇歌曲、家畜饲养技术、建筑和手工技艺以及舞蹈编排等的大量重要信息。
大多数沙画都有很多含义和功能：它们可以作为一种艺术作品来“读”，可以讲故事，可以作为了解某些秘密群体的密码，可以作为拥有一块土地的证明或是一种具有某种魔法的诅咒，它也可能仅仅就是为了传达某种信息或是沉思当中的信手之作。经过长期的发展和演变，沙画已经成为了一种丰富而具活力的传统绘画形式。因为沙画不仅仅是一种“图画”，而且还是有着内在联系的歌曲、故事和知识交织成的一个精密的网。沙画艺术家不仅要精通绘画，而且对它们的含义也要十分了解。除此之外，他们还必须能够向观众讲述出其中的含义。
Vanuatusha painting tradition is not only an ancient artistic form of expression, but also a practical way of communication existing between the central and Northern islands. The emergence of this multi-functional "writing" form is based on various backgrounds of religious rites, meditation and communication.
Sand painting is a well-trained artist who paints directly on the ground, sand, volcanic ash or clay. The artist draws some continuous symmetrical geometric figures with one finger. Exposure to the open air makes it difficult to preserve the painting for a long time.
About 80 different-language tribes live on islands in central and Northern Vanuatu. Sand paintings emerge as a means of communication between different tribes. They are also tools for recording and disseminating religious rituals and myths. They also provide a great deal of important information about local history, cosmology, tribal systems, scientific phenomena, serial songs, livestock raising techniques, architecture and handicraft, and choreography.
Most sand paintings have many meanings and functions: they can be "read" as an art work, can tell stories, can be used as a password to understand some secret groups, can be used as proof of owning a piece of land or a curse with some magic, it may be just for the purpose of conveying some kind of information or meditating in the hands of the work. After a long period of development and evolution, sand painting has become a rich and dynamic traditional painting form. Because sand painting is not only a kind of "picture", but also a sophisticated network of songs, stories and knowledge intertwined with each other. Sand artists should not only be proficient in painting, but also have a good understanding of their meanings. In addition, they must be able to tell the audience what it means.
Sand paintings are also used to record legacy property and convey knowledge of rituals and myths, as well as a large amount of oral information about local history, skills and humanities, such as local cosmology, systematic kinship, scientific phenomena, song singing, technical farming, architectural and technological design, and dance art patterns. Vanuatusha painting is not only a "picture", but also a beautiful network of interconnected songs, stories and knowledge. A Vanuatusha painting expert must not only have rich knowledge of graphic patterns, but also have a profound understanding of the connotation of sand painting. Because he must be able to explain their meaning to the audience. Today, the Vanuatusha tradition survives in different communities on Vanuatu's central island, and the most common designs have been widely used to spread Vanuatu banknotes and stamps. And often as a kind of folk custom decoration to foreign tourists and other commercial purposes.
瓦努阿图沙画传统不仅仅是一种古老的艺术表现形式，而且还是一种存在于中部和北部岛屿之间的一种实际运用的交流方式，这种多功能的“写作”形式的出现，是基于宗教仪式、冥想和交流的各种背景之下。
沙画是训练有素的艺术家直接在地面、沙土、火山灰或是陶土上作画。画家用一根手指画出一些连续的对称的几何图形。由于暴露在露天当中，这种画很难长期保留。
大约有80多个说不同语言的部落居住在瓦努阿图中部和北部的岛屿，沙画正是作为一种不同部落之间的交流工具而出现的。它们也是用来记录和传播宗教礼仪和神话故事的工具，同时也给人们提供了了解当地历史、宇宙论、部族体系、科学现象、连篇歌曲、家畜饲养技术、建筑和手工技艺以及舞蹈编排等的大量重要信息。
大多数沙画都有很多含义和功能：它们可以作为一种艺术作品来“读”，可以讲故事，可以作为了解某些秘密群体的密码，可以作为拥有一块土地的证明或是一种具有某种魔法的诅咒，它也可能仅仅就是为了传达某种信息或是沉思当中的信手之作。经过长期的发展和演变，沙画已经成为了一种丰富而具活力的传统绘画形式。因为沙画不仅仅是一种“图画”，而且还是有着内在联系的歌曲、故事和知识交织成的一个精密的网。沙画艺术家不仅要精通绘画，而且对它们的含义也要十分了解。除此之外，他们还必须能够向观众讲述出其中的含义。
沙画也用作记载遗赠的财产记录并且传送仪式和神话的知识，以及大量口头的关于本地历史的、技艺的、人文的各种信息，如：当地宇宙学，系统亲戚关系，科学现象，歌曲联唱，技术耕作，建筑和工艺设计，以及舞蹈艺术图案等。瓦努阿图沙画不仅是“图”，但是相互连接的歌，故事和知识的精美的网，一个瓦努阿图沙画专家必须不仅拥有图表图案的丰富知识，而且也要深刻理解沙画的内涵。因为他必须能向观众阐明它们的意义。今天，瓦努阿图沙画传统在瓦努阿图中部岛的不同的社区中幸存着，并且最普通的设计已经被广泛地用于瓦努阿图钞票和邮票进行传播。而且经常作为一种民间风俗装饰展示给外来旅游者以及其他商业目的。
Vanuatusha painting tradition is not only an ancient artistic form of expression, but also a practical way of communication existing between the central and Northern islands. The emergence of this multi-functional "writing" form is based on various backgrounds of religious rites, meditation and communication.
Sand painting is a well-trained artist who paints directly on the ground, sand, volcanic ash or clay. The artist draws some continuous symmetrical geometric figures with one finger. Exposure to the open air makes it difficult to preserve the painting for a long time.
About 80 different-language tribes live on islands in central and Northern Vanuatu. Sand paintings emerge as a means of communication between different tribes. They are also tools for recording and disseminating religious rituals and myths. They also provide a great deal of important information about local history, cosmology, tribal systems, scientific phenomena, serial songs, livestock raising techniques, architecture and handicraft, and choreography.
Most sand paintings have many meanings and functions: they can be "read" as an art work, can tell stories, can be used as a password to understand some secret groups, can be used as proof of owning a piece of land or a curse with some magic, it may be just for the purpose of conveying some kind of information or meditating in the hands of the work. After a long period of development and evolution, sand painting has become a rich and dynamic traditional painting form. Because sand painting is not only a kind of "picture", but also a sophisticated network of songs, stories and knowledge intertwined with each other. Sand artists should not only be proficient in painting, but also have a good understanding of their meanings. In addition, they must be able to tell the audience what it means.
Sand paintings are also used to record legacy property and convey knowledge of rituals and myths, as well as a large amount of oral information about local history, skills and humanities, such as local cosmology, systematic kinship, scientific phenomena, song singing, technical farming, architectural and technological design, and dance art patterns. Vanuatusha painting is not only a "picture", but also a beautiful network of interconnected songs, stories and knowledge. A Vanuatusha painting expert must not only have rich knowledge of graphic patterns, but also have a profound understanding of the connotation of sand painting. Because he must be able to explain their meaning to the audience. Today, the Vanuatusha tradition survives in different communities on Vanuatu's central island, and the most common designs have been widely used to spread Vanuatu banknotes and stamps. And often as a kind of folk custom decoration to foreign tourists and other commercial purposes.
