【项目简介】

 Project brief introduction

蒙古族长调民歌

蒙古歌曲分为两个主要品种,其一是乌日汀道或称“长调”,其二是“短调”(bogino duu)。作为与盛大庆典、节日仪式有关的表达方式,长调在蒙古社会享有独特和受人推崇的地位。婚礼、乔迁新居、婴儿降生、马驹标记以及其他蒙古游牧民族的社交活动和宗教节庆仪式上,都能听到长调的演唱。包含摔跤、射箭和马术比赛的狂欢运动会“那达慕”大会上,更能听到长调。    

长调是抒情歌曲,由32种采用大量装饰音的旋律构成,它赞美美丽的草原、山川、河流、歌颂父母的爱情、亲密的友谊,表达人们对命运的思索。它的特点是:大量使用装饰音和假声,悠长持续的流动性旋律包含着丰富的节奏变化,极为宽广的音域和即兴创作形式。上行旋律节奏缓慢稳定,下行旋律常常插入活泼的三音重复句式,这来自对草原生活步调的模仿。长调的演唱和创作与牧民的田园式生活方式紧密相连,这是蒙古族至今仍然广泛延续的生活方式。   

长调的历史可以追溯到2000年前,13世纪以来的文学作品中已有记载。直至今日,长调仍保留着丰富的不同地域的风格。蒙古国和中国北部的内蒙古自治区牧民的社会和文化生活中,在表演和当代音乐创作中,长调都扮演着主要角色。

Mongolian Long-tune Folk Songs

Mongolian songs are divided into two main varieties, one is Uritingdao, or "long tune", and the other is "bogino duu". As a way of expression related to grand celebrations and festival ceremonies, the long tune enjoys a unique and respected position in Mongolian society. Long tunes can be heard at weddings, relocations, births of babies, foal markings and other social activities and religious festivals of Mongolian nomadic peoples. Long tunes can be heard more at the carnival "Nadamu" conference, which includes wrestling, archery and equestrian competitions.

Long tune is a Lyric song, composed of 32 melodies with a large number of decorative tones. It praises the beautiful grasslands, mountains, rivers, praises the love and intimate friendship of parents, and expresses people's thinking about fate. Its characteristics are: a large number of decorative tones and falsetto are used, long and continuous flowing melody contains rich rhythm changes, extremely wide range of sound and improvisational creation forms. The upward rhythm is slow and steady, and the downward rhythm often inserts a lively three-tone repetition sentence pattern, which comes from the imitation of the pace of grassland life. The singing and creation of long tunes are closely related to pastoral life style of herdsmen, which is still a widely continued life style of the Mongolian people.

The history of long tune can be traced back to 2000 years ago, and it has been recorded in literary works since the 13th century. Up to now, the long tune still retains the rich style of different regions. In the social and cultural life of herdsmen in Mongolia and Northern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, long tune plays a major role in performance and contemporary music creation.

【批准时间】2005年11月

 Approval date, November 2005


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