在韩国主要指对木材进行手工作业的人,又名木匠、木工。有记录上说,木匠早在三国时代就已经存在。木匠当中主要建造宫殿或寺庙、房屋等,与木制建筑有关的事称为大木,做这种事的匠人称为大木匠。负责房屋的设计、施工、监理等用木材建盖房屋的整个过程的匠人,相当于现在的建筑家,传统名称为大木匠。大韩民国的传统建筑技法自古由木匠所留传至今。其中,木匠的领头人-大木匠不仅需要具备能指挥、统率众多匠人的能力,还要具备与建筑相关的所有技术和技法。建造房屋时首先从购买木材,以及根据建筑物的布局和用途进行设计,对木材进行保管以及对各种辅助材进行组装,以至完成建筑物的构架。然后经过从砌墙壁到盖屋顶,以及画丹青等各种程序才能完成后期作业。

  而且,还要对每个过程中的各种技法和连接、整合,以及所使用的各种工具进行综合性的理解,并掌握其建筑技术。因此,大木匠掌握作为木匠应具备的技能并不是一早一昔就能完成的。经过数十年的现场经验和向师傅学习,才能具备传统大木匠的技能。

  韩国自古以来就有这种大木匠传统,并传承了与韩国的文化背景和自然环境相和谐的独特的建筑文化。根据自古所留传的风水地理学来选择地基,在不对自然造成很大破坏的条件下,根据自然地形、地貌进行土地规划,并对地基进行施工。以韩国本土树木作为材料,并开发和改良相关的操作工具。在这些过程中出现了很多优秀的大木匠,韩国政府为了保护这种大木匠的传统,并将其持续地传承下去,因而对其技能和知识指定为了重要无形文化财产。

  In Korea, it mainly refers to people who do manual work on wood, also known as carpenters and carpenters. It is recorded that carpenters existed as early as the Three Kingdoms. Among carpenters, palaces, temples, houses, etc. are mainly built. The things related to wooden architecture are called big wood, and the carpenters who do such things are called big carpenters. The craftsmen responsible for the design, construction and supervision of the houses are the same as the current architects. The traditional name is the big carpenter. The traditional architectural techniques of the Republic of Korea have been handed down from ancient times by carpenters. Among them, the leader of Carpenters - big carpenters not only need to have the ability to command and command a large number of craftsmen, but also have all the technologies and techniques related to architecture. When building a house, the first step is to purchase timber, design according to the layout and use of the building, keep the timber and assemble various auxiliary materials, so as to complete the structure of the building. Then we can finish the later work through various procedures, such as building walls, building roofs, and painting blue and blue.

Moreover, we should have a comprehensive understanding of the various techniques and links, integration, and tools used in each process, and master its construction technology. Therefore, mastering the skills that a carpenter should possess as a carpenter is not something that can be accomplished in the past. After decades of on-site experience and learning from the master, the traditional carpenter's skills can be acquired.

South Korea has had this great carpenter tradition since ancient times, and inherited the unique architectural culture which is in harmony with the cultural background and natural environment of South Korea. Foundation is chosen according to the geomancy and water geography inherited from ancient times. Under the condition of not causing great damage to nature, land planning is carried out according to natural topography and landform, and foundation construction is carried out. Using native Korean trees as materials, and developing and improving related operational tools. In order to protect the tradition of great carpenters and continue to inherit it, the Korean government designated its skills and knowledge as important intangible cultural property.

 


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