【大洋洲·新西兰】亚麻编织 Raranga

新西兰亚麻编织（毛利语称 Raranga）是毛利文化中一门兼具实用与神圣的指尖艺术。它不仅是生活技艺，更是承载历史、身份与精神力量的“活态遗产”。

何为“编织”？不只技艺，更是仪式

毛利编织与常见纺织不同，全程不用织布机，全凭双手完成，包括Raranga（软织法）和Whatu Muka（指编法）等技法。

· 神圣的仪式感：传统上，编织学习伴随严格仪式，从业者需通过Karakia（祈祷）为作品注入Mana（精神力量），女性是主要传承人。

· “娶那亚麻丛中的女子”：毛利谚语将擅长编织的女性视为勤劳贤惠的象征，足见其在部落中的崇高地位。

材料与工艺：自然的馈赠

· 核心材料：Harakeke（新西兰亚麻） 是最广泛使用的材料，辅以Kiekie和Pīngao（金色沙草）等本土植物。

· 天然染色：用沼泽泥（paru） 染黑色，用树皮（tanekaha） 染棕色，图案蕴含家族历史与精神信仰。

最神圣的载体：斗篷（Korowai）

斗篷是毛利编织艺术的巅峰之作。

· 至高的珍品：羽毛斗篷（kahu kiwi） 曾专供酋长长老，如今也是价值连城的传家宝。

· 现代的荣耀：现代重要场合，毛利人仍会披上斗篷以示身份和尊敬。

从传统到当代：IP化与全球启示

这门古老手艺正在全球舞台焕发新生：

· 当代艺术冲击：毛利艺术家团体Mataaho Collective用工业捆绑带创作的编织装置 《塔卡保》 ，一举斩获2024年威尼斯双年展金狮奖，让世界看到编织语汇的现代力量。
· 教育复兴：上世纪50年代曾濒临失传，如今已进入大学和理工学院，成为系统的学术课程。

对铁岭非遗网合作的启发

· 联合展览：毛利“仪式编织”对铁岭“本本文创”，可策划“指尖史诗——编织与书写的文明对话”，对比两者作为“文化容器”的异同。

· 研学工坊：借鉴其“语言巢”复兴经验，联合开发“非遗手工艺双语研学课程”，将铁岭剪纸与毛利编织结合。

· 文创联名：探索将毛利Koru（银蕨嫩芽）图腾与铁岭满族纹饰进行元素融合，开发限定联名款。

New Zealand flax weaving (known as Raranga in Māori) is a practical and sacred art of the fingertips within Māori culture. It is not merely a living skill but also a "living heritage" that embodies history, identity, and spiritual strength.

What is "weaving"? Not merely a craft, but a ritual

Māori weaving differs from common textile methods, as it is entirely done by hand without the use of a loom, employing techniques such as Raranga (soft weaving) and Whatu Muka (finger weaving).

· Sacred sense of ritual: Traditionally, weaving is accompanied by strict rituals, where practitioners infuse their works with mana (spiritual power) through karakia (prayers), with women being the primary inheritors.

"Take the woman from the flax grove": The Maori proverb regards women skilled in weaving as symbols of diligence and virtue, reflecting their esteemed status within the tribe.

 Materials and Craftsmanship: Gifts of Nature

Core materials: Harakeke (New Zealand flax) is the most widely used, supplemented by native plants such as Kiekie and Pīngao (golden sand flax).

Natural Dyeing: Black is achieved with swamp mud (paru), and brown with tree bark (tanekaha), with patterns embodying family history and spiritual beliefs.

The Most Sacred Carrier: The Cloak (Korowai)

The cloak is the pinnacle of Māori weaving art.

· The Supreme Treasure: Feathery Cloak (Kahu Kiwi)  
Once reserved for chiefs and elders, it is now a priceless heirloom.

· Modern Glory: On important occasions today, the Māori still wear cloaks to signify status and respect.

From Tradition to Modernity: IPization and Global Implications

This ancient craft is reviving on the global stage:

Contemporary Art Impact: The Māori artist collective Mataaho Collective's woven installation *Takapō*, created with industrial strapping, won the Golden Lion Award at the 2024 Venice Biennale, showcasing the modern power of weaving vocabulary to the world.
Educational Revival: Once on the verge of being lost in the 1950s, it has now been incorporated into universities and technical colleges as a systematic academic curriculum.

Inspiration for Cooperation with Tieling Intangible Cultural Heritage Network

· Joint Exhibition: A Comparative Dialogue Between Maori "Ritual Weaving" and Tieling "Local Cultural Creativity"  
"Epics in the Hands: A Civilization Dialogue Between Weaving and Writing" can be curated to explore the similarities and differences of these two as "cultural vessels.".

R1: "Paper Cuttings" must be translated as Paper Cuttings.  
Original: · Research and Learning Workshop: Drawing on its "Language Nest" revival experience, jointly developed a "Bilingual Research and Learning Course on Intangible Cultural Heritage Handicrafts," combining Tieling Paper Cuttings with Māori weaving.  

Translation:.

· Cultural and Creative Co-branding: Explore the fusion of the Koru (silver fern sprout) totem with Tieling Manchu motifs to develop limited-edition co-branded products.