【亚洲•中国】春节——中国人庆祝传统新年的社会实践 Spring festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of traditional new year（2024年）

　　在中国，春节标志着新年的开始。它落在中国农历的第一天，包含多种社会习俗以迎接新年、祈求吉祥、庆祝团圆和促进社区和谐。这一庆祝过程被称为“过年”。在节日前夕，人们会打扫房屋、储备食品并准备佳肴。除夕之夜，家人共进晚餐并守岁迎接新年。节日期间，人们身着新衣，向天地祖先献礼，并向长辈、亲友邻里致意。社区、文化机构、社会组织和艺术团体也会举办公共庆祝活动。
　　与春节相关的仪式、习俗、传说和歌谣的传统知识，以及制作节庆装饰品和用品的技艺，既通过家庭和社区的非正式传承，也通过公共教育体系的正式途径得以延续。相关的手工艺和表演艺术则通过师徒制传承。春节弘扬家庭价值观、社会凝聚力与和平，同时为中国人民提供身份认同与历史延续感。
　　2024年被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。

　　In China, the spring festival marks the beginning of the new year. It falls on the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar and involves a variety of social practices to usher in the new year, pray for good fortune, celebrate family reunions and promote community harmony. This process of celebration is known as ‘guonian’ (crossing the year). In the days preceding the festival, people clean their homes, stock provisions and prepare food. On New Year’s Eve, families dine together and stay up late to welcome the new year. During the festival, people wear new clothes, make offerings to heaven, earth and ancestors, and extend greetings to elders, relatives, friends and neighbours. Public festivities are held by communities, cultural institutions, social groups and art troupes. The traditional knowledge of the rituals, customs, legends and ballads associated with the spring festival, and the skills of preparing festival decorations and supplies, are transmitted informally within families and communities as well as formally through the public education system. Related crafts and performing arts are transmitted through apprenticeships. The spring festival promotes family values, social cohesion and peace while providing a sense of identity and continuity for the Chinese people.
　　Inscribed in 2024 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity