【亚洲·柬埔寨】柬埔寨长臂琴 Chapeung Long（2016年）
2025-10-15 13:02
柬埔寨长臂琴（Chapeung Long）是柬埔寨最具代表性的传统乐器之一，2016年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。其独特造型与演奏方式被誉为高棉文化的瑰宝。
长臂琴由精选木材手工雕刻而成，琴身纤长如弯月，仅有两根琴弦（粗弦为高音，细弦为低音），演奏时边弹边唱，融合寓言故事、民间传说及生活百态。表演者需兼具音乐技巧与即兴创作能力，常通过幽默或抒情的旋律传递社会评论、宗教信仰等内容。
该乐器可追溯至柬埔寨古代，吴哥窟的壁画中已有其踪迹。传统上由男性传承，通过家庭和师徒口传心授，但近年来因师资匮乏面临断绝危机。2016年申遗成功后，政府通过开设培训中心、制作巨型长臂琴（长10.5米）等方式推动保护。
目前柬埔寨仅有约6名固定学生接受正规培训，非遗传承人毕萨拉通过线上线下教学、移动表演等方式推广。其弟子曾在2024年中柬文化交流活动中演奏传统名曲《阿拉比亚》，展现艺术魅力。
The Chapeung Long, one of the most representative traditional instruments in Cambodia, was inscribed onto the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO on November 30, 2016. Its unique design and playing method are hailed as treasures of Khmer culture
The long-armed qin, crafted from carefully selected wood and hand-carved, boasts a slender body resembling a crescent moon. It features only two strings: a thick one for high notes and a thin one for low notes. During performance, the instrument is played while singing, seamlessly blending allegorical stories, folklore, and the myriad aspects of daily life. Performers must possess both musical prowess and the ability to improvise, often using humorous or lyrical melodies to convey social commentary, religious beliefs, and other content
This musical instrument dates back to ancient Cambodia, with traces of its existence found in the murals of Angkor Wat. Traditionally, it has been passed down through families and apprenticeships, with oral instruction, but in recent years, it has faced the crisis of extinction due to a shortage of teachers. After its successful nomination for World Heritage status in 2016, the government has promoted its preservation by establishing training centers and crafting a giant long-arm qin (10.5 meters long)
Currently, only about six regular students in Cambodia are receiving formal training. Bithara, an inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, promotes his art through online and offline teaching, mobile performances, and other methods. His disciple once played the traditional famous song "Arabia" at the 2024 Sino-Cambodian Cultural Exchange Event, showcasing the artistic charm
