【亚洲·日本】日本祭奠阎王，葆光和亚泰的花车庆典 Yama, Hoko, Yatai, float festivals in Japan（2016年）

在日本各地的城镇，社区每年都会举办花车节，向诸神祈祷，祈求和平和免受自然灾害。Yama、Hoko和Yatai花车节的元素包括日本各地33个代表性的例子，展示了当地文化的多样性。它们涉及社区各部门的合作努力，作为一种传统做法，是参与者文化身份的一个重要方面。来自城市和该地区其他地区的男性、女性、年轻人和老年人共同负责节日的组织和运营。这包括从反映当地文化多样性的彩车的设计和建造到伴奏音乐和整体活动协调的每一步。例如，高冈三木屋艺术节（Takaoka Mikurumayama Festival）让市中心的居民组装彩车，而周边地区的居民则负责拉动建筑和播放音乐。任务针对特定的年龄段，由资深负责人为经验不足的人提供指导，并为年轻人开设课程。例如，上野天井音乐节的参与者首先学习如何演奏音乐（他们被称为“林香片”），然后学习如何操纵花车（tekogata），保护花车（keigoyaku），最后管理音乐节（saihaiyaku）。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

In cities and towns throughout Japan, float festivals are held by communities annually to pray to the gods for peace and protection from natural disasters. The element of Yama, Hoko and Yatai float festivals encompasses 33 representative examples in various regions throughout Japan showcasing the diversity of local cultures. They involve the collaborative efforts of various sections of the community and as a traditional practice are an important aspect of the cultural identity of participants. Men, women, the young and elderly from cities and other parts of the area share responsibility for the organization and running of the festivals. This includes every step from the design and construction of the floats that reflect the diversity of local culture, to the accompanying music and overall event coordination. The Takaoka Mikurumayama Festival, for example, involves residents from the city centre assembling the floats while those from surrounding areas are in charge of pulling the constructs and playing the music. Tasks cater for specific ages with senior bearers providing guidance to those less experienced and classes run for young people. For instance, for the Ueno Tenjin Festival participants first learn how to play the music (they are referred to as hayashikata), they then progress to steering the floats (tekogata), guarding them (keigoyaku) and finally, managing the festival (saihaiyaku).

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region